National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Lao PDR is highly exposed to flooding and drought and is one of the most vulnerable countries in the region to the effects of climate change. These hazards are being induced by observable changes in climate patterns including higher than usual intensity rainfall events during the rainy season and extended dry seasons. It is projected that Lao PDR will face temperature increases of 3.6°C by the 2090s against the baseline conditions over 1986–2005, under the highest emissions pathway (RCP8.5). Rises in annual maximum and minimum temperatures are also expected predicted to amplify pressure on human health, livelihoods, and ecosystems.

Increased incidence of weather extreme represents a major threat to human health, especially for outdoor laborers and, given rapid ongoing urban migration, potentially for urban populations as well. Without action, the population exposed to river flooding is projected to double to over 80,000 people by the 2030s. Other key climatic risks facing Lao PDR include landslides and epidemics, the former in particular often proves very destructive not only altering the landscape, fauna and vegetation, but also destroying public infrastructure, property, productive land, agricultural assets and harvests. These climate change impacts collectively lead to a decrease in agricultural production, food insecurity, water shortage, damage to infrastructure, loss of human life and biodiversity as well as increase health issues.

Therefore, a significant adaptation effort is required to reduce the incidence of climate extremes in Lao PDR and to this end, the development of a continuous, progressive and iterative National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process will prove vital, importantly following a country-driven, gender-sensitive, participatory, and fully transparent approach.

This first NAP for Lao PDR focuses on creating the policy framework for a green and inclusive pathway for a sustainable and resilient future. It defines a series of short and long-term climate adaptation measures that align to the visions and strategies of priority national sectors. The intended outcome of the NAP for Lao PDR is expected to have positive impacts on human, social and natural capital; protect biodiversity and ecosystems services; boost resilience; and advance the de-carbonization of economies where possible.